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Denna studie ifrån 2007 visade att en mix av vassle och kasein med creatin,vitamineral och en annan blandning med colustrum och kreatin.
Förbättrade muskelökningen efter styrketräning jämfört med placebo eller endast colustrum.Impact of differing protein sources and a creatine containing nutritional formula after 12 weeks of resistance training.
Kerksick CM, Rasmussen C, Lancaster S, Starks M, Smith P, Melton C, Greenwood M, Almada A, Kreider R.Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Health and Exercise Science Department, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA. [mailto:chad_kerksick@ou.edu]
OBJECTIVE: We evaluated whether colostrum (Col) or an isocaloric and isonitrogenous blend of whey and casein in addition to creatine (Cr) affects body composition, muscular strength and endurance, and anaerobic performance during resistance training. METHODS: Forty-nine resistance-trained subjects participated in a standardized 12-wk total body resistance training program. In a double-blind and randomized manner, subjects supplemented their diet with a protein control (Pro), Pro/Col, Pro/Cr, or Col/Cr. Supplements were isocaloric and isonitrogenous and provided 60 g/d of casein/whey (Pro) or Col as the protein source. At 0, 8, and 12 wk of supplementation, subjects were weighed, had body composition determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), performed one-repetition maximum (1RM) and 80% of 1RM tests on the bench press and leg press, and 30-s anaerobic sprint capacity tests. Data (mean +/- SD) were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance and reported as raw data in all tables and as changes from baseline for all figures for the Pro, Pro/Col, Pro/Cr, and Col/Cr groups, respectively. RESULTS: Resistance training increased 1RM strength, muscular endurance, and anaerobic sprint capacity equally in all groups. Significant main and interaction effects (P 0.05) were noted for fat mass, percent fat, or bone content. Post hoc analysis showed that, compared with Pro, subjects ingesting Pro/Col, Pro/Cr, and Col/Cr showed greater gains in body mass and DXA total scanned mass. Subjects ingesting Pro/Cr and Col/Cr had greater increases in FFM during training in comparison with Pro/Col. CONCLUSION: In conjunction with 12 wk of resistance training, ingestion of Col or a blend of whey and casein protein with a vitamin/mineral supplement containing Cr resulted in greater improvements in FFM in comparison with Pro and Pro/Col.
Denna studie visade att Gynostemma pentaphyllum stimulerar frisläppande av kväveoxid i kroppen.
Därav så är den en ingrediens i Nanovapor som är en pumpprodukt.
Men hur effektiv den är för styrketränande atleter är ännu inte undersökt.
Däremot så är den välundersökt för att optimera insulinkänsligheten,nedsäkning av kolesterol,effektivt mot cancertumörer och man har sett att Gynostemma pentaphyllum har stimulerat frisläppande av insulin i råttor.
Har inte testat detta om man får nån pump men vem vet det kan vara ett alternativ för Arginine?The Direct Release of Nitric Oxide by Gypenosides Derived from the Herb Gynostemma pentaphyllum
Authors: Tanner M.A.; Bu X.; Steimle J.A.; Myers P.R.
Source: Nitric Oxide, Volume 3, Number 5, October 1999 , pp. 359-365(7)
Herbal medicines are increasingly being utilized to treat a wide variety of disease processes. Gypenosides are triterpenoid saponins contained in an extract from Gynostemma pentaphyllum and are reported to be effective in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases; however, the mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect is not known. We tested the hypothesis that gypenosides extracted from G. pentaphyllum elicit vasorelaxation through the direct release of endothelium-derived nitric oxide. Nitric oxide production in bovine aortic endothelial cells grown under standard tissue culture conditions was quantitated using a chemiluminescence method. Arterial vasomotion was assayed using isolated porcine coronary artery rings under standard isometric recording conditions. The extract of G. pentaphyllum at 0.1–100 mug/ml elicited concentration-dependent vasorelaxation of porcine coronary rings that was antagonized by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester. Indomethacin had no significant effect on G. pentaphyllum-induced relaxation. The G. pentaphyllum extract elicited a concentration-dependent increase in nitric oxide production from cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells. At the concentrations utilized, there was no morphological evidence for cellular toxicity. These results demonstrate that extracts of G. pentaphyllum directly stimulate nitric oxide release, but not prostanoid production. Nitric oxide production in response to gypenosides may be one mechanism whereby this herbal medicine elicits its therapeutic effects. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.
Denna studie utvärderade Tribulus Terrestis i samband med styrketräning och visade inga styrke,muskel eller testosteron ökningar.
The effect of five weeks of Tribulus terrestris supplementation on muscle strength and body composition during preseason training in elite rugby league players.
Rogerson S, Riches CJ, Jennings C, Weatherby RP, Meir RA, Marshall-Gradisnik SM.School of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Southern Cross University Lismore, New South Wales, Australia. [mailto:srogerson10@bigpond.com]
Tribulus terrestris is an herbal nutritional supplement that is promoted to produce large gains in strength and lean muscle mass in 5-28 days (15, 18). Although some manufacturers claim T. terrestris will not lead to a positive drug test, others have suggested that T. terrestris may increase the urinary testosterone/epitestosterone (T/E) ratio, which may place athletes at risk of a positive drug test. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of T. terrestris on strength, fat free mass, and the urinary T/E ratio during 5 weeks of preseason training in elite rugby league players. Twenty-two Australian elite male rugby league players (mean +/- SD; age = 19.8 +/- 2.9 years; weight = 88.0 +/- 9.5 kg) were match-paired and randomly assigned in a double-blind manner to either a T. terrestris (n = 11) or placebo (n = 11) group. All subjects performed structured heavy resistance training as part of the club’s preseason preparations. A T. terrestris extract (450 mg.d(-1)) or placebo capsules were consumed once daily for 5 weeks. Muscular strength, body composition, and the urinary T/E ratio were monitored prior to and after supplementation. After 5 weeks of training, strength and fat free mass increased significantly without any between-group differences. No between-group differences were noted in the urinary T/E ratio. It was concluded that T. terrestris did not produce the large gains in strength or lean muscle mass that many manufacturers claim can be experienced within 5-28 days. Furthermore, T. terrestris did not alter the urinary T/E ratio and would not place an athlete at risk of testing positive based on the World Anti-Doping Agency’s urinary T/E ratio limit of 4:1.
Denna studie visade att Hmb eller en kombination av Hmb och kreatin.
Hade ingen effekt på muskelär styrka eller uthållighet.J Strength Cond Res. 2007 May;21(2):419-23.Click here to read Links
Effects of six weeks of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) and HMB/creatine supplementation on strength, power, and anthropometry of highly trained athletes.
O’Connor DM, Crowe MJ.Faculty of Education, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. d.o’connor@edfac.usyd.edu.au
This study investigated the effects of 6 weeks of dietary supplementation of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) and HMB combined with creatine monohydrate (HMBCr) on the muscular strength and endurance, leg power, and anthropometry of elite male rugby league players. The subjects were divided into a control group (n =
, a HMB group (n = 11; 3 g.d(-1)) or a HMBCr group (n = 11; 12 g.d(-1) with 3 g HMB, 3 g Cr, 6 g carbohydrates). Three repetition maximum lifts on bench press, deadlifts, prone row, and shoulder press, maximum chin-up repetitions, 10-second maximal cycle test, body mass, girths, and sum of skinfolds were assessed pre- and postsupplementation. Statistical analysis revealed no effect of HMB or HMBCr on any parameter compared with presupplementation measures or the control group. HMB and HMBCr were concluded to have no ergogenic effect on muscular strength and endurance, leg power, or anthropometry when taken orally by highly trained male athletes over 6 weeks.Denna studie jämförde vilket protein som gav den bästa muskel och styrke ökningen.
I studien jämfördes VassleHydrolysat eller Kaseinpulver.
Vasslehydrolysat gav bäst styrke och muskelökningar.1: Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2006 Oct;16(5):494-509.Links
The effect of whey isolate and resistance training on strength, body composition, and plasma glutamine.
Cribb PJ, Williams AD, Carey MF, Hayes A.
Exercise Metabolism Unit, Center for Ageing, Rehabilitation, Exercise and Sport (CARES), Australia.
Different dietary proteins affect whole body protein anabolism and accretion and therefore, have the potential to influence results obtained from resistance training. This study examined the effects of supplementation with two proteins, hydrolyzed whey isolate (WI) and casein (C), on strength, body composition, and plasma glutamine levels during a 10 wk, supervised resistance training program. In a double-blind protocol, 13 male, recreational bodybuilders supplemented their normal diet with either WI or C (1.5 gm/kg body wt/d) for the duration of the program. Strength was assessed by 1-RM in three exercises (barbell bench press, squat, and cable pull-down). Body composition was assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Plasma glutamine levels were determined by the enzymatic method with spectrophotometric detection. All assessments occurred in the week before and the week following 10 wk of training. Plasma glutamine levels did not change in either supplement group following the intervention. The WI group achieved a significantly greater gain (P < 0.01) in lean mass than the C group (5.0 +/- 0.3 vs. 0.8 +/- 0.4 kg for WI and C, respectively) and a significant (P < 0.05) change in fat mass (-1.5 +/- 0.5 kg) compared to the C group (+0.2 +/- 0.3 kg). The WI group also achieved significantly greater (P < 0.05) improvements in strength compared to the C group in each assessment of strength. When the strength changes were expressed relative to body weight, the WI group still achieved significantly greater (P < 0.05) improvements in strength compared to the C group.Denna studie visade att en kombination av kreatin och beta-alanin gav större muskel ökningar och fettreducering.Jämfört med Kreatin och placebo.
Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2006 Aug;16(4):430-46.Links
Effect of creatine and beta-alanine supplementation on performance and endocrine responses in strength/power athletes.
Hoffman J, Ratamess N, Kang J, Mangine G, Faigenbaum A, Stout J.Dept. of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ 08628, USA.
The effects of creatine and creatine plus beta-alanine on strength, power, body composition, and endocrine changes were examined during a 10-wk resistance training program in collegiate football players. Thirty-three male subjects were randomly assigned to either a placebo (P), creatine (C), or creatine plus beta-alanine (CA) group. During each testing session subjects were assessed for strength (maximum bench press and squat), power (Wingate anaerobic power test, 20-jump test), and body composition. Resting blood samples were analyzed for total testosterone, cortisol, growth hormone, IGF-1, and sex hormone binding globulin. Changes in lean body mass and percent body fat were greater (P < 0.05) in CA compared to C or P. Significantly greater strength improvements were seen in CA and C compared to P. Resting testosterone concentrations were elevated in C, however, no other significant endocrine changes were noted. Results of this study demonstrate the efficacy of creatine and creatine plus beta-alanine on strength performance. Creatine plus beta-alanine supplementation appeared to have the greatest effect on lean tissue accruement and body fat composition.
PatArnold wrote:Nej inte att det resulterade i muskelökning för att då måste studietiden vara längre för att mäta nån muskelökning.
Men det intressanta med den svenska studien,Branched-chain amino acids increase p70S6k phosphorylation in human skeletal muscle after resistance exercise.
Är att styrketräning i sig stimulerar muskelproteinsyntesen.
Och att BCAA ökade muskelproteinsyntesen 3.5 ggr mer under återhämtnings fasen.
Resistance exercise led to a robust increase in p70(S6k) phosphorylation at Ser(424) and/or Thr(421), which persisted 1 and 2 h after exercise. BCAA ingestion further enhanced p70(S6k) phosphorylation 3.5-fold during recovery.3,5-faldigt… det var ynkligt.
EAA stimulerar fosforyleringen av p70(S6K) 8,1-faldigt. :emo-thumb
”The phosphorylation of mTOR at Ser2448 and p70S6k at Thr389
(related to total mTOR and p70S6k, respectively) increased significantly (PSka tas i beräkningen ochså att individerna i denna studie: hade inte ätit på tolv timmar.
Och om man för över det på vanligt tränande individer.
Så är frågan hur mkt kommer deras protein syntes att höjas när det har skett en massa protein intagande under dagen?
Tror inte att nån vill fasta under tolv timmar för att deras proteinsyntes ska höjas 8ggr mer efter träningDet intressanta skulle vara om man som i den svenska studien:
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Jul;287(1):E1-7.
Branched-chain amino acids increase p70S6k phosphorylation in human skeletal muscle after resistance exercise.Jämförde BCAAvs EAA där individerna är inte fastande.
Henrik Eiselt wrote:3,5-faldigt… det var ynkligt.
EAA stimulerar fosforyleringen av p70(S6K) 8,1-faldigt. :emo-thumb
”The phosphorylation of mTOR at Ser2448 and p70S6k at Thr389
(related to total mTOR and p70S6k, respectively) increased significantly (PDenna studie visar att GAKIC(Glycine-arginine-alpha-ketoisocaproic acid )
Förbättrar prestationen men att det var ingen skillnad på mjölksyran mellan de två grupperna.1: Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004 Apr;36(4):583-7. Links
Glycine-arginine-alpha-ketoisocaproic acid improves performance of repeated cycling sprints.Buford BN, Koch AJ.
Health and Exercise Sciences, Truman State University, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA.PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of glycine-arginine-alpha-ketoisocaproic acid (GAKIC) supplementation on repeated bouts of anaerobic cycling performance. METHODS: Ten men completed a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled exercise protocol of two sessions separated by 7 d. Plasma lactate was analyzed in blood collected 45 min before exercise (REST) and 5 min postexercise (POST). Subjects consumed either 11.2-g GAKIC or placebo (PLC) during a 45-min period between the REST and exercise. Mean power, peak power, and fatigue values were assessed from five supramaximal, 10-s cycle ergometer sprints, separated by 1-min rest intervals. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANCOVA. RESULTS: A significant treatment x time interaction (P = 0.039) was observed for the change in mean power output over the five sprints between the GAKIC and PLC treatments. Post hoc analyses revealed a greater retention of mean power (P = 0.038) between sprints 1 and 2 after GAKIC (-1 +/- 9 W) versus PLC treatment (-47 +/- 18 W). No other performance variables differed between PLC and GAKIC. POST lactate was increased (P < 0.001) above REST, but there was no difference between treatments (P = 0.936). CONCLUSION: These data support an ergogenic effect of GAKIC for attenuating the decline in mean power during repeated bouts of supramaximal exercise.
PatArnold wrote:Ska tas i beräkningen ochså att individerna i denna studie: hade inte ätit på tolv timmar.
Och om man för över det på vanligt tränande individer.
Så är frågan hur mkt kommer deras protein syntes att höjas när det har skett en massa protein intagande under dagen?
Tror inte att nån vill fasta under tolv timmar för att deras proteinsyntes ska höjas 8ggr mer efter träningDet intressanta skulle vara om man som i den svenska studien:
Jämförde BCAAvs EAA där individerna är inte fastande.
De hade inte ätit i BCAA studien heller:
Klippt från artikeln: ”Subjects reported to the laboratory in the morning after an overnight fast”. De konsumerade bara 150 mg lösning innehållande BCAA eller smaksatt vatten (kontrollgrupp).
Det är nog väldigt ovanligt att man gör studier på icke-fastande mage när man utvärderar effekten av näringsämnen, speciellt såna här där man mäter den akuta effekten.
I denna studie visades att tillskottet, 6-oxo sänkte inte helt estrogen nivåerna i kroppen.
Och under den 8 veckor långa studien där 300 mg eller 600 mg intogs så skedde ingen förändring i fett eller muskelmassa.
6 oxo finns i estrozap(san) och 6-0x0(ergopharm)1: J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2007 Oct 19;4:13. Links
Effects of eight weeks of an alleged aromatase inhibiting nutritional supplement 6-OXO (androst-4-ene-3,6,17-trione) on serum hormone profiles and clinical safety markers in resistance-trained, eugonadal males.Rohle D, Wilborn C, Taylor L, Mulligan C, Kreider R, Willoughby D.
Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Box 97313, Waco, TX 76798, USA. [mailto:darryn_willoughby@baylor.edu].ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 6-OXO, a purported nutritional aromatase inhibitor, in a dose dependent manner on body composition, serum hormone levels, and clinical safety markers in resistance trained males. Sixteen males were supplemented with either 300 mg or 600 mg of 6-OXO in a double-blind manner for eight weeks. Blood and urine samples were obtained at weeks 0, 1, 3, 8, and 11 (after a 3-week washout period). Blood samples were analyzed for total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), estradiol, estriol, estrone, SHBG, leutinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), growth hormone (GH), cortisol, FT/estradiol (T/E). Blood and urine were also analyzed for clinical chemistry markers. Data were analyzed with two-way MANOVA. For all of the serum hormones, there were no significant differences between groups (p > 0.05). Compared to baseline, free testosterone underwent overall increases of 90% for 300 mg 6-OXO and 84% for 600 mg, respectively (p < 0.05). DHT underwent significant overall increases (p < 0.05) of 192% and 265% with 300 mg and 600 mg, respectively. T/E increased 53% and 67% for 300 mg and 600 mg 6-OXO, respectively. For estrone, 300 mg produced an overall increase of 22%, whereas 600 mg caused a 52% increase (p 0.05) and clinical safety markers were not adversely affected with ingestion of either supplement dose (p > 0.05). While neither of the 6-OXO dosages appears to have any negative effects on clinical chemistry markers, supplementation at a daily dosage of 300 mg and 600 mg for eight weeks did not completely inhibit aromatase activity, yet significantly increased FT, DHT, and T/E.
Denna studie visade att Kre-alkalyn är inte bättre än vanligt kreatin monohydrat.
Dessutom är Kre-alkalyn mer ostabilt i magsyran och omvandlas 35% mer till det verkningslösa biprodukten creatinine.Jämfört med vanlig kreatinmonohydrat som omvandlas bara till 1%.Kre-alkalyn® supplementation has no beneficial effect on creatine-to-creatinine conversion rates
Tallon MJ and Child R.All American Pharmaceutical and Natural Foods Corp. (Billings, MT, USA) claim that Kre-alkalyn® (KA) is a ”Buffered” creatine, is 100% stable in stomach acid and does not convert to creatinine. In contrast, they also claim that creatine monohydrate (CM) is highly pH labile with more than 90% of the creatine converting to the degradation product creatinine in stomach acids. To date, no independent or university laboratory has evaluated the stability of KA in stomach acids, assessed its possible conversion to creatinine, or made direct comparisons of acid stability with CM. This study examined whether KA supplementation reduced the rate of creatine conversion to creatinine, relative to commercially available CM (Creapure®). Creatine products were analyzed by an independent commercial laboratory using testing guidelines recommended by the United States Pharmacopeia (USP). Each product was incubated in 900ml of pH 1 HCL at 37± 1°C and samples where drawn at 5, 30 and 120 minutes and immediately analyzed by HPLC (UV) for creatine and creatinine. In contrast to the claims of All American Pharmaceutical and Natural Foods Corp., the rate of creatinine formation from CM was found to be less than 1% of the initial dose, demonstrating that CM is extremely stable under acidic conditions that replicate those of the stomach. This study also showed that KA supplementation actually resulted in 35% greater conversion of creatine to creatinine than CM. In conclusion the conversion of creatine to creatinine is not a limitation in the delivery of creatine from CM and KA is less stable than CM in the acid conditions of the stomach.
Denna studie visade att Creatine ethyl ester var verkningslöst jämfört med vanligt kreatin.
Så detta bevisar att fortfarande så är gammal kreatin monohydrat kung över all hype.Creatine ethyl ester rapidly degrades to creatinine in stomach acid
Child R1 and Tallon MJ2
1Department of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Penrhyn Rd, Kingston-upon-Thames, United Kingdom. 2University of Northumbria, Sport Sciences, Northumbria University, Northumberland Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, [mailto:DrChild@CR-Technologies.net]
Creatine ethyl ester (CEE) is a commercially available synthetic creatine that is now widely used in dietary supplements. It comprises of creatine with an ethyl group attached and this molecular configuration is reported to provide several advantages over creatine monohydrate (CM). The Medical Research Institute (CA, USA) claim that the CEE in their product (CE2) provides greater solubility in lipids, leading to improved absorption. Similarly San (San Corporation, CA, USA) claim that the CEE in their product (San CM2 Alpha) avoids the breakdown of creatine to creatinine in stomach acids. Ultimately it is claimed that CEE products provide greater absorption and efficacy than CM. To date, none of these claims have been evaluated by an independent, or university laboratory and no comparative data are available on CEE and CM.
This study assessed the availability of creatine from three commercial creatine products during degradation in acidic conditions similar to those that occur in the stomach. They comprised of two products containing CEE (San CM2 Alpha and CE2) and commercially available CM (CreapureÒ). An independent laboratory, using testing guidelines recommended by the United States Pharmacopeia (USP), performed the analysis. Each product was incubated in 900ml of pH 1 HCL at 37± 1oC and samples where drawn at 5, 30 and 120 minutes. Creatine availability was assessed by immediately assaying for free creatine, CEE and the creatine breakdown product creatinine, using HPLC (UV)
After 30 minutes incubation only 73% of the initial CEE present was available from CE2, while the amount of CEE available from San CM2 Alpha was even lower at only 62%. In contrast, more than 99% of the creatine remained available from the CM product. These reductions in CEE availability were accompanied by substantial creatinine formation, without the appearance of free creatine. After 120minutes incubation 72% of the CEE was available from CE2 with only 11% available from San CM2 Alpha, while more than 99% of the creatine remained available from CM.
CEE is claimed to provide several advantages over CM because of increased solubility and stability. In practice, the addition of the ethyl group to creatine actually reduces acid stability and accelerates its breakdown to creatinine. This substantially reduces creatine availability in its esterified form and as a consequence creatines such as San CM2 and CE2 are inferior to CM as a source of free creatine.
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